IX. Anatomy questions
Anatomy questions
There are a total of 20 anatomy questions, which are important content-oriented in the summary part of this chapter. Click the ‘Answer’ button to see the corresponding answers and explanations, and click the ‘Go back’ button to slove the next questions.
1. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement?
A. The sliding between actin and myosin causes muscle contractions.
B. Acetylcholine is related to muscle contractions.
C. An action potential causes Ca2+ to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and to attach to troponin.
D. During muscle fiber contraction, the myosin cross-bridge stays connected to the actin and does not detach.
E. When muscle fibers relax, Ca2+ goes back to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
2. Which of the following is NOT connective tissue?
A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Cartilage
D. Smooth muscle
E. All of the above
3. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about neural control?
A. One motor unit innervates several muscle fibers.
B. A high frequency of muscle twitch becomes tetanus, a continuous contraction of muscle fibers.
C. No muscle contraction occurs during resting state.
D. The length of the muscle does not change during isometric muscle contraction and the tension does not change during isotonic muscle contraction.
E. The response of one action potential makes a single twitch.
4. Which of the following is NOT correct?
A. The body thermoregulation is controlled by sweating
B. The blood vessels near the skin become dilated on a hot day
C. Exocrine glands secrete hormones to the external environment by pituitary or thyroid glands.
D. Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream by mammary or salivary glands.
E. C and D
5. Which of the following statements apply to the functions of bone?
I. Protection of body organs II. Making and breaking down of blood III. Supporting the body as framework |
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III
E. All of the above
6. Which of the following tissues is related to the functions of protection, absorption, and secretion?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Cartilage tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Muscle tissue
E. Nerve tissue
7. _____________ are used in dim light to detect black and white vision and _____________ are used for color vision in bright light.
A. Retina, iris
B. Rod cells, cone cells
C. Cone cells, rod cells
D. Retina, cone cells
E. Iris, cone cells
8. During muscle contraction, the length of _____________ does NOT change.
A. I band
B. A band
C. H zone
D. A and C
E. None of the above
9. In the eye structure, _____________ regulates the amount of light entering the eye and _____________ is photoreceptor tissue.
A. Iris, retina
B. Pupil, retina
C. Sclera, optic disk
D. Iris, optic disk
E. Sclera, cornea
10. Which of the following is true about the cell picture below?
A. This is a picture of columnar epithelia.
B. This is a picture of connective tissues.
C. These cells are used for secretion at the glands.
D. These cells may be found at the skeletal joints.
E. A and C
11. _____________ join bones with muscles and _____________ join bones with bones.
A. Insertions, origins
B. Origins, insertions
C. Ligaments, Tendons
D. Tendons, Ligaments
E. Insertions, Ligaments
12. All of the following are part of the axial skeleton EXCEPT _____________ .
A. Pelvic girdle
B. Sternum
C. Skull
D. Rib
E. Vertebra
13. Which of the following is a correct statement about eye response in the dark?
A. Rhodopsin is activated.
B. Glutamine is secreted.
C. Na+ channels are closed.
D. Rod and cone cells are depolarized.
E. B and D
14. This cell could be found at _____________ .
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Fibrous connective tissue
E. Squamous epithelia
15. Bone growth at the ends of long bones occurs in which region?
A. Epiphyseal plates
B. Haversian canal
C. Osteoclasts
D. Marrow cavity
E. Shaft
16. Which of the following describe the functions of ear structures correctly?
Ⅰ. Pinna collects sound. Ⅱ. Semicircular canals function in equilibrium of the body. Ⅲ. Tympanic membrane transmits sound energy to the middle ear. Ⅳ. Cochlea is the sensor for different vibrations of sound. |
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I, II, and III
D. I, II, and IV
E. All of the above
17. _____________ is flexible connective tissue that has the main function of covering bone for protection.
A. Cuboidal
B. Squamous
C. Cartilage
D. Blood
E. Skeletal muscle
18. Which statement is INCORRECT?
A. Skeletal muscles have multinucleated fibers.
B. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are used in voluntary movement.
C. Intercalated disks can be found in cardiac muscles.
D. Skeletal and cardiac muscles have striations.
E. Smooth muscles are used in involuntary functions.
19. Sarcomeres are made of thin and thick filaments. The thin filaments are composed of _____________ and the thick filaments are composed of _____________.
A. Myosin, actin
B. Myosin, muscle fiber
C. Muscle fiber, myosin
D. Actin, myosin
E. Actin, myofibril
20. All of following are related to the middle ear EXCEPT _____________.
A. Incus
B. Amplifying primary sound energy
C. Stapes
D. Semicircular canals
E. Three small bones
Answers
1. D
All are true except D. During muscle fiber contraction, the myosin cross-bridge alternately contacts and detaches from actin.
2. D
Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue. Blood, bone, and cartilage are connective tissues.
3. C
All are true except C. Even in a resting state, muscles are partially contracted. This is called tonus.
4. E
Exocrine glands secrete their materials to external environment through a duct. Examples include sweat, mammary, and salivary glands. Endocrine glands secrete their materials to the internal environment. Examples include adrenal, thyroid, or pituitary glands.
5. D
The functions of bone are protection, framework, and making blood cells. Blood cells are broken down at the liver and spleen.
6. A
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lining of the organs and functions in protection, absorption, and secretion. Cuboidal, columnar, and squamous are major types of epithelial tissue. Connective tissue functions in transport, support, connection, and protection, and cartilage, bone, and blood are the major types. Muscle tissue functions for movement of the body and skeletal, cardiac, and smooth are the major types of muscle tissue. Nerve tissue functions for transmission of information, and the spinal cord and brain are major types of nerve tissue.
7. B
Rod cells are sensitive to black and white in less intense light, and cone cells are sensitive to different colors in strong intense light.
8. B
The sliding-filament model indicates that the length of I band and H zone are decreased during muscle contraction but A band is not changed.
9. A
The iris controls pupil size to regulate the amount of light and the retina is tissue for detecting light waves. The pupil is the hole for light and sclera is the outer layer of the eye. An optic disk called the blind spot is a portion of the retina that has no sensitivity to light. Cornea, the front part of sclera, passes initial light.
10. E
This is a picture of cuboidal tissues. Cuboidal epithelial cells have a cube shape and function in secretion at the glands.
11. D
Fibrous connective tissue has two types, tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect bones to muscles and ligaments connect bones to bones.
12. A
The axial skeleton is composed of skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebra. The pelvic girdle is part of the appendicular skeleton.
13. E
During eye response in the dark, rhodopsin is inactivated and Na+ channels open, and then glutamine is secreted to bipolar cells by depolarized rod and cone cells.
14. A
Branched cells and intercalated disks, which interconnect between cells, are found at cardiac muscle tissues.
15. A
Epiphyseal plates are the main regions of bone growth. The Haversian canal covers blood vessels, and osteoclasts break down bone. The marrow cavity and shaft are components of long bones.
17. C
Cartilage and blood are connective tissues. Cartilage has chondrocytes, which make collagen and chondroitin sulfate to protect from physical impact, and covers skeletal joints, ears, nose, and trachea. Blood usually functions in clotting, immunity, and carrying oxygen. Cuboidal and squamous are epithelial tissues. Skeletal muscles are one type of muscle tissue.
18. B
Skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscles, and cardiac and smooth muscles have involuntary functions. The skeletal muscle is striated and has multiple nuclei with an array of actin and myosin filaments. The cardiac muscle is striated with intercalated discs. The smooth muscle is not striated and can be found in arteries, the urinary bladder, and the digestive tract.
19. D
Muscle fiber is composed of myofibrils, and myofibrils are made up of sarcomere units. Thin filaments are called actin and thick filaments are called myosin.
20. D
The middle ear functions in amplifying primary sound and has three components of small bone, which are the malleus, incus, and stapes. Semicircular canals are located in inner ear.