X. Immunology questions
Immunology practice questions
There are a total of 25 immunology practice questions, which are important content-oriented in the summary part of this chapter. Click the ‘Answer’ button to see the corresponding answers and explanations, and click the ‘Go back’ button to slove the next questions.
1. Which of the following belongs to central lymphoid tissues?
A. Thymus
B. Adenoids
C. Peyer’s patch
D. Lymphatic vessels
E. Spleen
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of nonspecific immunity?
A. Macrophage
B. Skin
C. Inflammatory response
D. Antibodies
E. Natural killer cells
3. Which of the following is an INCORRECT pair with its function?
A. Histamine: triggering an injury response
B. Chemokines: collecting macrophages and then carrying them to injury sites
C. Interferon: respondent of immune system to invading virus
D. Lysozyme: destroying bacteria cell walls
E. All are correct
4. Which of the following is NOT a phagocytic cell?
A. Macrophage
B. Dendritic cells
C. Neutrophile
D. Basophils
E. Eosinophils
5. Which of the following antibodies has (have) a monomer shape?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgM
D. IgA
E. A and B
6. Which of the following produces antibodies?
A. Memory B cell
B. Plasma cell
C. Memory cytotoxic T cell
D. Active cytotoxic T cell
E. Natural killer cells
7. Which of the following describes the structure of the T cell receptor?
A. Y shape
B. α and β chains
C. Four disulfide bridges
D. Light and heavy chains
E. Four chains
8. A deficiency of _____________ in adaptive immunity causes the greatest weakness of immunity.
A. Helper T cells
B. Memory B cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Plasma cells
E. Antibodies
9. Which of the following molecules can be presented on the surface of infected microphage to be identified by helper T cells?
A. Class I MHC
B. Class II MHC
C. Perforin
D. Antibodies
E. A and B
10. The _____________, which is bound by immunoglobulins, is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system.
A. CD8
B. Epitope
C. CD4
D. Cytokines
E. Antibodies
11. Which of the following is the place for maturing B cells?
A. Bone marrow
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. Lymph nodes
E. A and B
12. Which of the following about erythroblastosis fetalis is (are) correct?
Ⅰ. This symptom happens because Rh+ is more dominant than Rh-. Ⅱ. The fetus is from an Rh+ father and an Rh- mother. Ⅲ. The mother of the fetus proliferates antibodies when the blood of the fetus enters into the blood of mother. Ⅳ. For the fetus, accepting the mother’s antibodies would be dangerous. |
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I, II, and III
D. II, III, and IV
E. All of the above
13. Which of the following INCORRECRLY matches a lymphoid tissue with its functions?
A. Bone marrow: making blood cells
B. Thymus: Maturating T cells
C. Spleen: Filtering or destroying red blood cells
D. Peyer’s patch: Collecting macrophages, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte
E. Lymph nodes: secreting thymosin hormone
14. Pathogens enter into damaged tissues pricked by a needle. What is the correct process for healing of this local inflammation?
- Releasing of histamine → Movement of antimicrobial proteins to the injury site → Healed tissues
- Movement of antimicrobial proteins to the injury site → Releasing of histamine → Healed tissues
- Movement of clotting elements to the injury site → Releasing of histamine → Healed tissues
- Releasing of histamine → Healed tissues → Movement of antimicrobial proteins to the injury site
- Releasing of histamine → Healed tissues → Movement of clotting elements to the injury site
15. Which of the following applies to the picture below?
A. Most common antibody in blood
B. Produced in the primary response
C. Newborn immunity
D. Import antigen receptor on B cells
E. Localized defense of mucous membranes
16. The B cell receptor is organized by ____________ chains and _____________ disulfide bridges.
A. Two, two
B. Four, four
C. Two, four
D. Four, two
E. Three, three
17. Which of the following is NOT true for cytotoxic T cells?
A. They are derived from helper T cells.
B. They belong to cell-mediated immunity.
C. Their main function is to destroy cancer cells or infected cells.
D. They have perforin molecules.
E. All are correct.
18. Which of the following statements is (are) true about antibiotics?
I. Antibiotics are a chemotherapeutic agent. II. Viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi are killed by antibiotics. III. Antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis. IV. They interfere with the growth of micro-organisms. |
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I, II, and III
D. I, III, and IV
E. All of the above
19. Which of the following apply to memory B cells?
A. Short-lived cells
B. Bearing receptors specific for the same antigen
C. Effector cells
D. Derived from T cells
E. A and B
20. Which blood type(s) can give a blood transfusion to a patient producing anti-A antibodies only in the recipient’s blood?
A. A blood type only
B. A and O blood types
C. O blood type only
D. B and O blood types
E. Universal types
21. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
A. Natural infectious agents confer passive immunity.
B. Active immunity is conferred by introducing antibodies from others.
C. Vaccination produces active immunity.
D. Interferons are signaling proteins that are produced in the immune system response.
E. C and D
22. Which of the following classes of antibodies are related to allergic reactions?
A. IgE
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgM
E. IgA
23. Which of the following is NOT related to humoral immunity?
A. Derived from helper T cells
B. Memory B cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Proliferating antibodies
E. Cytotoxic T cells
24. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?
A. When viruses infect human cells, B cells produce antibodies for blocking viruses and cytotoxic T cells destroy the infected cells.
B. Natural killer cells release molecules to destroy infected cells.
C. Programmed cell death is called apoptosis.
D. Lymphocytes produce B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.
E. All are correct.
25. Which of the following statements is (are) NOT true of the secondary immune response?
A. It is a faster immune response from the same antigen than the primary response.
B. It is a more prolonged than the primary response.
C. It is of smaller magnitude than the primary response.
D. The person becomes sick.
E. C and D
Answers
1. A
The rest of the above tissues except A are peripheral lymphoid tissues. Thymus and bone marrow are central lymphoid tissues.
2. D
Humoral immunity, such as memory B cells and antibodies, are types of specific immunity (adaptive immunity).
4. D
Macrophage, dendritic cells, and neutrophiles are major phagocytic cells. Eosinophils are minor phagocytic cells. Basophils secrete histamine and anticoagulant heparin to damaged tissues or allergic reactions.
5. E
IgD, IgE, and IgG have a monomer shape. IgM has a pentamer shape and IgA has a dimer shape.
7. B
Two line shapes, which are α and β chains connected by one disulfide bridge, is the structure of the T cell receptor. Y shape and two light and heavy chains linked by four disulfide bridges are the structure of the B cell receptor.
8. A
Without helper T cells, the production of B cells and cytotoxic T cells would not increase. This results in a deficiency of memory B cells, plasma cells, antibodies, and cytotoxic T cells.
9. B
Class I MHC molecules are presented on the surface of most cells or infected cells. Class II MHC molecules are presented on the surface of macrophage to be identified by helper T cells. Perforin is secreted by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells and antibodies are made by plasma cells to bind antigen.
10. B
The epitope is called an antigenic determinant, and is bound by antibodies. CD8 at cytotoxic cells binds class I HMC molecules. CD4 at helper T cells binds class II HMC molecules. Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells to activate lymphocytes.
11. A
B cells are maturated at bone marrow and T cells are maturated at the thymus. Spleen is the site for filtering or destruction of red blood cells. Lymph nodes are the place for filtering bacteria or foreign matter.
12. E
Erythroblastosis fetalis happens when the Rh+ father and Rh– mother have an Rh+ fetus. The Rh+ blood type can receive an Rh– blood transfusion but the Rh– blood type cannot receive an Rh+ blood transfusion. The Rh– mother of the fetus produces antibodies when the mother accepts the Rh+ blood from the fetus. The fetus could die from accepting the mother’s antibodies.
13. E
Lymph nodes filter bacteria or foreign particles. Secretion of thymosin hormone happens in the thymus.
14. A
Correct process of healing of the local inflammation:
Releasing of histamine → Movement of antimicrobial proteins and clotting elements to the injury site → Blood clotting and phagocytes → Healed tissue
15. B
The above picture is IgM produced after the first exposure to an antigen. IgM is very useful in complement activation. The most common antibody in blood is IgG, and the import antigen receptor on B cells is IgD. Newborn immunity and localized defense of mucous membranes are IgA.
16. B
The B cell receptor consists of four chains (two heavy chains and two light chains) connected by four disulfide bridges.
17. E
In cell-mediated immunity, cytotoxic T cells derived from helper cells produce memory cytotoxic T cells and active cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells secrete perforin molecules to infected cells.
18. D
All are correct statements except II. Antibiotics can kill or hinder the growth of micro-organism such as bacteria, protozoans, or fungi. However, antibiotics do not work as an inhibition agent of viruses.
19. B
Memory B cells and plasma cells (effector cells) are derived from B cells. Memory B cells are long-lived cells. Plasma cells are short-lived cells and combat the same antigen.
20. D
B blood type produces anti-A antibodies and can receive a transfusion only from B and O blood types.
21. E
Natural or artificial infections agents, such as vaccinations, confer active immunity. Introducing antibodies from others confers passive immunity.
23. E
In humoral immunity, B cells derived from helper T cells produce memory B cells and plasma cells. Plasma cells proliferate antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells destroying infected cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
25. E
The secondary immune response is of greater magnitude than the primary response. The primary immune response involves proliferating antibodies by B cells, activating cytotoxic T cells, and becoming sick.